Modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Modernity - Essay Example These aspects are either descriptive or analytical based on social, political, or economic aspects that characterize modernity. A political approach of defining modernity is quite analytical. It states that the earliest stages of modernity began with the Niccolo Machiavelli’s works, which seemed to favor the free republics over monarchies. The modernization initiated at this time continues to grow with liberalism and democracy being quite characteristic in today’s political view. On the other hand, the changes in the social discourse, processes, and conditions take a descriptive approach. In this case, modernity is described in accordance to the descriptions of people’s social aspects. The philosophical view also takes the same descriptive dimension as the social approach. In this regard, it is described as the period where the realization that it is impossible to achieve certainty came up. On the same frequency, modernity achieves a descriptive approach as the a ge in which ideologies were developed. The descriptive aspect of modernity supersedes the analytical. This is because across generations what predominates is the evidence of what has taken place. Therefore, when this is described, it supports the evidence of the transition that is characterized by

Case study of China Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of China - Case Study Example The export led growth strategy in China began back in 1978 with the power acceded by Xiaoping Deng. During this period, China was an unsuccessful state of communist, a poor nation due to the sufferings in the era of Zedong Mao’s Cultural Revolution for ten years. With the inefficient collective agriculture, closed economy, and enterprises owned by the state losing money, the population of China that was fewer than 1 billion shown a per capita income of $353. The entire nation was in poverty. However, with the death of Mao Zedong, a series of Deng Xiaopong’s reforms that were aimed at promoting the growth of the economy of China took over and retained the power of politics in Beijing. This reformed the country. China failed to obtain membership of the World Trade Organization under the leadership of Xiaoping Deng. The nation needed the status of the most favored country from America in the 1990s. China, during the whole of this period, began privatization of TVEs and SOEs in large scale and considerably lowered its tariffs. The process of annual review apart from exposing issues of human rights became a source of Chinese government humiliation, with hard lined China officials remaining a problem just like the negotiators of the United States. The Chinese officials had anticipated that the membership with the World Trade Organization would possibly undo apparatus of institutional socialism. China gained membership of the World Trade Organization eventually in December 2001 despite all the mentioned concerns. The China reforms were however achieved through the membership of World Trade Organization that facilitated the setting of China tariffs and allowed estimation of the cost of production of goods in China based on the cost of inputs. The country also had facilitated specific reforms that promoted the trade in the

Australia taxation law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Australia taxation law - Essay Example The first task identified was the determination of whether, for tax purposes, the Finlays are considered residents of Australia. The determination was made that the Finlays were considered residents based upon the residency test. According to Australian Tax Law the Finlays are considered residents because they were in Australia for 6 months or more during the 2006/2007 tax year. They also meet residency requirements because they met one or more of the three statutory residency tests. They are considered residents because they maintain a residence in Australia, have resided in Australia for 6 months during the tax year, and they contribute to the superannuation retirement fund. The biggest question to answer about residency and foreign income is what is taxable and what is not taxable. It has already been determined that the Finlays meet residency requirements for tax purposes. Although the tax forms ask for foreign income and foreign taxes paid on those earnings, the tax forms do not explain why. The first determination was that the income was earned in a country that has already taxed the income. If the foreign income was earned but not taxed it would be subject to taxation by the Australian Government. ... d States and Australia was created for "the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income" (Australian Taxation Office website). This protocol covers all aspects of income earned in the United States. Most specifically, relating to this case study, income earned within the United States is taxed by the United States. Any income not taxed is considered taxable income in Australia and residents of Australia are subject to taxation on that income earned. It is very important for the individual to report foreign income and whether or not it was taxed. All records relating to the income and taxes paid should be kept as proof of income earned and taxes paid. Taxation also applies to dividends earned, interest earned, royalties, and capital gains earned in the United States. In this case study Andrew's earnings were taxed but dividends, capital gains, and interest earned in the United States were not taxed so they are subject to taxation i n Australia. Other instance where income may not have been taxed by the United States include the following: 1) the income is less than the amount where taxation begins 2) the income falls into an exempt category in the foreign country 3) a memorandum of understanding exists 4) The income consists of supplements paid by the Australian Staffing Assistance Scheme 5) The foreign country levies a tax but does not have a system in place to collect those taxes TaxPack and Forms. This case study was completed using the Australian Taxation Office's "TaxPack" retrievable from their website at www.ato.gov.au. The TaxPack for individuals, supplement section, and Business and professional items schedule for individuals 2007. In addition, the rental property worksheet was used to

Technology Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology Law - Essay Example The police department is the government wing that is noted not to implement the laws effectively. Despite the fact that t the police officers are to help the citizens obey and respect the rule of law in the process aiding in the implementation of the laws, research in the police department shows that the police officers play a bid role in breaking the law. Police officers are known to be corrupt in the course of the duties. In so doing, they let criminals and other lawbreakers to go against the rule of law because they have been bribed. This forms an obstacle in the government quest for law implementation. The gap created between the laws on the books with the law enforcement creates a huge risk to the society. Criminals and other gangs take advantage of this weakness to terrorize the society members. This creates fear, and the security of the society deteriorates. With poor security investments in the areas cannot take place (Landes & Posner, 1975). The citizens have developed negative attitudes to both the people responsible for regulating the laws, as well as the lawmakers. From history, the lawmakers have been exploiting the public through creation of laws that only favors them and seems to be undermining the citizens. This experience has forced the public to have a negative attitude towards the lawmakers. The public is that the lawmakers cannot make any law that can benefit them; the laws that are always made are weak and burden the poor most (Roland & Verdier, 2003). On the other hand, their attitude towards the law enforcers is even worse. Despite the fact that the law enforcers role is to protecting the public interest through regulation of laws they are putting the public interest in jeopardy by putting theirs first. This makes the public detest the law regulators as much as the lawmakers since they both serve their interest ahead of the public interest (Polinsky & Shavell, 2007). Concerning power balance, the law regulators are claiming that

Engaging Others Unlike Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Engaging Others Unlike Me - Essay Example In relation to this, it is apparent that I have never intentionally avoided helping any person because he or she does not belong to my in-group. I do believe that people are not the same in terms of character and ability. As a result of this, I regard every person to be good in some specific areas that I may be poor. It is because of this assumption that I find it very easy to associate with people who are unlike me. In other words, I easily socialize with people who are unlike me believing that I will learn something new in the course of socializing. In connection to what takes on the ground, I can claim that my social network is very diverse; it has insignificant boundaries. As a leader, it is very crucial to embrace diversity in a group (Bowser, 2011). Some of the things that will enhance the inclusion diverse members in a group are by empowering people. It is through the empowerment that different people develop the urge of being members of a specific group. In-groups include members in an organization with common interest or goal (Hancock & Szalma, 2008). In connection with this definition, in-groups in my working organization include members of an employees’ club, members in a specific corporation, members of the sale and marketing field, customer care providers in an organization, and peer groups within the organization. Out- groups on the other hand constitute of members with different interests and goals. Out- groups often constitute of person who is in conflict or disagreement with the in-groups (Latham, 2007). Examples of out-groups in my working organization include different peer groups within the company, different sales and marketing groups within the same company, workers who are not members of any group within the company are regarded as out-group, workers involved in selling the company’s goods and

The Present and Future Price of Money Essay Example for Free

The Present and Future Price of Money Essay One of the most important concepts about saving and investing is the time value of money. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities. This means money paid out or received in the future is not equivalent to money paid out or received today because inflation erodes money’s buying power. Basically, the power of time is on a person’s side and the premise that cash in hand today is more valuable than the same amount in the future due to its capability of earning interest. There are three factors affecting how much an investment will grow: time, money, and interest rate. Time Value of Money is a concept that is very important in financial management. It affects business, personal, and government finance (Harvey, 2012) Within this paper we will discuss the definition of Time Value of Money and identifies the importance of financial managers understanding the concept. Time, Money and Interest Rates Time has an important impact on the future value of money. Time is referred to as â€Å"N†, or â€Å"number,† and signifies the number of times something happens to your money. The earlier an individual invests, the more time their investment has to compound interest and increase in value. The effects of time on the value of money need to be taken into account when assessing investments. Investments (Money) with interest rates compounding frequently will yield higher returns. The higher the interest rate, the more money an individual will earn. However, and individual must understand an investment with a higher interest rate generally has a greater risk. Risk is the uncertainty the yield on an investment will deviate from what is expected. Generally, having a savings or investment plan with a fixed interest rate guarantees a specific return but can provide a moderate  risk. The last item to take into consideration with interest rates is ensuring the interest rate is h igher than the rate of inflation. Inflation is the steady rise in the general level of prices of a market basket of goods. If the average interest rates rise, the amount a person earns from this type of investment will not increase. Another consideration with interest rates is ensuring the interest rate is higher than the rate of inflation. Need for Financial Managers Anyone who manages finances in a company setting , deals with consumer finance or running their own business is a financial manager and needs to understand the concept of Time Value of Money. A financial manager’s job it to compare the cost and benefits of alternatives that occur at different times. This is done by restating money values through time in Time Value of Money calculations. These calculations estimate what effect time will have on money. For these professionals to make decisions that will assist a client in taking advantages of low interest rates or investing wisely a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the Time Value of Money is needed. Understanding this concept allows them to make better decisions. If they don’t understand the concept then they could make an unfavorable decision resulting in loss of money for the client or their business (Time Value of Money, 2013) Future Value and Present Value As an investor, you cannot control the rate of return on an investment. The actual yield is determined by the market as a whole, in the form of people buying and selling the investments at a price that, coupled with the investment’s payouts, determines the yield. There are two fundamental formulas used to calculate the time value of money; the â€Å"future value† and the â€Å"present value† formulas. They’re basically the same formulas, but rearranged to solve for different values. The future value formula can answer the question, ‘how much money will I have if I invest a certain amount now, at a given rate of return†? The formula is FV=PV*(1+R)N, where FV is the future value (how much you’ll have later), PV is the present value (how much you’ll have now), R is the periodic rate of return or the  percentage that your money will grow in each unit period of time. N is the number of unit periods of time in the overall time span. T he following are examples of the calculation of future values: a) Solve for FV $150,537.19 invested for seven years at an interest rate of 5% will yield a future value of $211,820.94. FV = 150,537.19 (1+ .05)7 = 150,537.19 (1.05) 7 = 150,537.19 (1.40710042265625) = $211,820.94 b) Solve for FV $237,891.22 invested for eight years at an interest rate of 3% will yield a future value of $301.353.48. FV = 237,891.22 (1 + .03) 8 = 237,891.22 (1.03) 8 = 237,891.22 (1.266770081387616) = $301,353.48 c) Solve for FV $320,891.12 invested for 10 years at an interest rate of 11% will yield a future value of $911,144.98. FV = 320,891.12 (1 + .11) 10 = 320,891.12(1.11) 10 = 320,891.12 (2.839420986069016) = $911,144.98 d) Solve for FV $520,520.22 invested for 13 years at an interest rate of 13% will yield a future value of $2,549,513.82. FV = 520,520.22 (1 + .13) 13 =  520,520.22(1.13) 13 = 520,520.22(4.898011103216606) = $2,549,513.82 The present value formula is based on the same fundamental formula, but it’s â€Å"solved† for the PV term and assumes you will know the FV amount. The present value formula can answer the question, ‘how much money would I have to invest now in order to have X dollars at a specific future date?’. That formula is PV = FV/(1 + R) n where all the terms mean the same thing, except that R in this formula is typically referred to as the â€Å"discounted rate†, because its purpose is to lower a future amount of money to show what it is worth to you now (McCracken, 2014). The following are examples of the calculation of present value: a) If you receive a dividend of $562,126.17 in 7 years at an interest rate of 5%. You initial investment w ould have been $399,492.57. PV = 562,126.17/(1 + .05) 7 = 562,126.17 / (1.05) 7 = 562,126.17/1.40710042265625 = $299,492.57 b) If you receive a dividend of $225,003.21 in 6 years at an interest rate of 6%. Your initial investment would have been $158,618.38. PV = 225,003.21/(1 + .06) 6 = 225,003.21/(1.06) 6 = 225,003.21/1.418519112256 = $158,618.38 c) If you receive a dividend of $321,567.35 in 5 years at an interest rate of 18%. Your initial investment would have been $140,560.05. PV = 321,567.35/(1 + .18) 5 = $140,560.05/(1.18) 5 = 321,567.35/2.2877577568 = $140,560.05 d) If your receive a dividend of $63,000.05 in 12 years at an interest rate of 5%. Your initial investment would have been $35,080.75. PV = 63,000.05/(1 + .05) 12 = 63,000.05/ (1.05) 12 = 63,000.05/1.795856326022129 = $35,080.79 Annuity An annuity is a series of identical payments occurring at equal time intervals. When the payments appear at the end of each time period, the annuity is said to be an ordinary annuity or an annuity in arrears. Present value calculations allow us to determine the amount of the recurring payments in an ordinary annuity if we know the other components: present value, interest rate, and the length of the annuity. Present value calculations involve the compounding of interest. This means that any interest earned is invested and will earn interest at the same rate as the principal. So, you earn interest on your interest. The compounding of interest can be very significant when the interest rate and the number of years are sizable. The present value of an annuity, represented by a series of equal payments, receipts or rents involve five components: (1) Present Value (2) Amount of each identical cash payments (3) Time between the identical cash payments (4) Number of periods that the payments will occur, length of the annuity and, (5) Interest rate or target rate used for discounting the series of payments. If you have any 4 of the 5 components, you have the information you need to calculate the unknown component. Calculations of Annuity Suppose you are to receive a stream of annual payments of $325,891.12 every year for 12 years starting at the end of this year. The interest rate is 6%. What is the present value of these 12 payments. PVA =PMT [( 1- (1 /(1 + r) n )) /r ] = 325,891.22[(1- (1/(1 + .06) 12))/.06] = 325,891.22[(1- (1/(1 .06) 12))/.06] = 325,891.22[(1 – (1/20121964718355))/.06] = 325,891.22[(1-.496969363577001)/.06] = 325,891.22[.503030636422999/.06] = 325,891.22 x 8.383843940383317 = $2,732,221.13 is the present value of the 12 payments. Suppose you are to receive a payment of $437,891.24 at the end of each year for five years. You are depositing these payments in a bank account that pays 15% interest. Given these five payments and this interest rate, how much will be in your bank account in five years? FVA =PMT [((1 + r) n – 1) /r] = 437,891.24 [((1 + .15) 5 – 1)/.15] = 437,891.24 [((1.15) 5 – 1)/.15] = 437,891.24 [(2.0113571875 -1) /.15] = 437,891.24 [1.0113571875/.15] = 437,897.24 x 6.74238125 = $2,952,429.69 will be in your bank account at the end of 5 years. Conclusion Present Value and Future calculations seem to be a simple way to compare money at different periods of time. Utilizing the future value calculation a person is able to determine the estimated future value of investments based on periodic, constant payments and constant interest rate. It ca also be used to calculate the future of loans payments. Time Value Money is a basic tool in finance that is used every day. Utilizing this concept can help individuals and companies weight all the options so the best decision can be made to prosper in the future. Understanding and having the knowledge about saving and investing is very important to our generation, especially with the very bleak look of social security. References Biger, N. (2008). Explanation of present values and net present values. Harvey, C. R. (2012). Time Value of Money. Retrieved January 16, 2013, from The Free Dictionary: http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Time+value+of+money McCracken, M., (n.d.) The time value of money. Retrieved January 2014 from http://www.teachmefinance.com/timevalueofmoney.html Time Value of Money Overview. (n.d.) Retrieved January 17, 2013, from University of West Florida: http://uwf.edu/rconstand/fin4424web/T2-TimeValue/T2-TimeValuePO1.htm

Impact of American Dream on Identity in Literature

Impact of American Dream on Identity in Literature American dream is a fantasy to a lot of people however in both readings it is depicted as an unfulfilled dream which is constantly sought after by both local and non-local Americans. To portray all possible dimensions of this fascinating subject I would like to quote two readings in my analysis which are â€Å"Let America be America again†[1] by Langston Hughes and â€Å"American Dreamer†[2] by Bharti Mukherji. Let America Be America Again, (Verse 1) claims for atonement of the Dream that never was. It talks about the flexibility and correspondence which America brags, yet never had. It anticipates a day when Liberty is crowned with no false patriotic wreath (Verse 11-12) and America is that great strong land of love (Verse 7). Author is not restricting his request to the discouraged Negro; he also incorporates the foreigner, the poor white, laborer, the Indian, agriculturist, the people (Verse 32) impart the Dream that has not been. The Dream still signals. In Freedoms Plow he brings up that America is a dream (Verse 76) and the result of the seed of opportunity is for all Americans as well as for all the world. The American Dream of fraternity, opportunity, and majority rules system must go to all people groups and all races of the world, he demands. The American Dream has showed up as a worn out, uneven, splotched, and frequently unattainable objective which regularly turned into a bad dream, yet there is dependably any desire for the satisfied dream even in the darkest minutes. All through the ballad, Hughes contrasts his trusts for America with the truth of life for those outside of the socially and monetarily predominant racial, religious, and social gatherings. He inspires the intense longs for the individuals who went to the United States on the grounds that they saw it as a paradise where they could be sheltered from the mistreatment they persisted in their countries however those fantasies of America have never materialized. Same is the situation with second reading perusing by Bharati Mukherjee who discusses her perspectives as a worker. Originating from India and her town Faridpur, Mukherjee advising Americans and foreigners to look to the new American society and dont be impeded by old traditions. Mukherjee discusses being friendless and separated from her establishes while in Canada where the populace is not as with the exception of. In her words they resists culture fusion I concur with her announcements on Canada and think the U.S. while it is known for racial and social tolerance is underrated on the world stage. Having all criticism, authors are hopeful for better prospects as a result of endeavored struggle in upcoming future. The sonnet â€Å"Let America be America again† starts with Hughes longing for America to be the America it once was; on the other hand, he remarks harshly, this picture of America is patently false. The most punctual Americans honed subjugation and persecution, efficiently pulverizing the lands local people groups to assemble their settlements. The perfect of America exists just in dreams, Hughes clarifies. Notwithstanding, he asks, Let America be the dream that dreamers dreamed- / Let it be that great strong land of love / Where never kings connive nor tyrants scheme. (Verse 6-8) For destitute, Native Americans, slaves, and workers, American has just ever been a dog eat dog world where the frail are crushed. The humble, hungry, mean residents dont get to drink from the mug of bounty; in spite of diligent work and aspiration, they will dependably stay outside the edges of achievement and solace. The speaker steps back almost instantly and recognizes that numerous visionaries came to America with the trust of cutting out an equivalent bit of riches and acknowledgement. The challenging were compelling, Hughes shouts, and he commends the visionaries who dreamt a dream so strong, so brave, so true. (Verse 39) The outcasts from Ireland, Poland, England, and significantly all the more along these Verses, the African slaves, landed in America on the grounds that they had no other decision. Then again, considerably in the wake of building the establishment of this homeland of the free, its wealth stay beyond their control. The speaker shouts out that the Negros, workers, and destitute must ascend and reclassify American equity as it was constantly intended to be. He states decidedly, We must take back our land again, / America! (Verse 70) Even if America is currently presently tormented by separation and voracity, the speaker (and Hughes) accept that it can be made strides. Consequently, the ballad closes on a hopeful, effective note of determination toward oneself and diligence. In â€Å"American Dreamer†, Mukherjee felt that the switch between an outside understudy and U.S. national was a huge change. She likewise says that she considers being an American resident important. I imagine that there is a noteworthy contrast in points of view toward citizenship between individuals who worker here and individuals whos families have known only the Americas. Like Mukherjee says, I became a citizen by choice, not by simple accident of birth. (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) She looks down on individuals who were given American citizenship (by conception) and dont admire it or grasp it. She adds to the multiculturalism that is so fundamental in the accomplishment of the United States. II chose to describe myself on my own terms, as an American, rather than as an Asian-American. Why is it that hyphenation is imposed only on nonwhite Americans? Rejecting hyphenation is my refusal to categorize the cultural landscape into a center and its peripheries; it is to demand that the American nation deliver the promises of its dream and its Constitution to all its citizens equally. (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) In this section Mukherjee truly demonstrates her imperviousness to the average foreigners who may call themselves Asian-American rather than simply an American. Mukherjee rejects this hyphenation. She accepts she is equivalent to all other American residents whether she was conceived in American or not. Mukherjee has an intense tone in this section. She is deciding to portray herself on her own terms (American Dreamer, Mukherjee). She decides to call herself an American and is extremely pleased to do this. She realizes that she merits all the rights and benefits that a local American merits. Later Mukherjee communicates her fervor about as a country we have not just the opportunity to hold those qualities we prize from our unique societies additionally the opportunity to recognize that the external types of those qualities are liable to change. Folks express fury or depression to a few parts of Indian society. Mukherjee might want to ask those folks this, What is it we have lost if our children are acculturating into the culture in which we are living? Is it so terrible that our children are discovering or are inventing homelands for themselves?† (American Dreamer, Mukherjee) She is recognizing that America has changed her. She says that it doesnt end until she demonstrates that she alongside the countless workers like her are moment by moment changing America. This change is a two-way transform that influences both the individual and the country social personality. Both of the above mentioned readings portray that American dream of millions has changed their identity as well. Their old identities had been lost somewhere on the way to their American dream. The only thing they left now is just their American identity. Both authors are hopeful and courageous regarding prosperous future of immigrants who endeavor to move to America for the sake of their American dream and American identities. [1] Hughes, L. (1935), Let American be America Again, retrieved from http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/let-america-be-america-again. [2] Mukherjee, B., (1997), â€Å"American Dream†, Mother Jones.